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Urethral complications are frequent after metoidioplasty and approximately 50% needs corrective surgery. AUL is an independent risk factor for fistula and stricture formation, whereas smoking is a risk factor for fistula formation. Waterschoot M, Hoebeke P, Verla W, et al. Urethral Complications After Metoidioplasty for Genital Gender Affirming Surgery. J Sex Med 2021;18:1271-1279.
Waterschoot et al. (Thu,) studied this question.