Oral examinations---equal opportunities, ethnicity, and fairness in the MRCGP Commentary: Oral exams---get them right or don't bother

# Oral examinations—equal opportunities, ethnicity, and fairness in the MRCGP #article-title-2 Oral examinations are widely used in undergraduate and postgraduate medical examinations, including those for membership of royal colleges. In recent years the validity and reliability of oral examinations have been questioned and they have been dropped from many assessment programmes. 1-4 The Royal College of General Practitioners has a tradition of reflecting on these issues and has improved its membership examination through the careful selection and training of examiners, the use of an examination blueprint, the development of clear questions and criteria for marking, and continuing discussion of techniques and problems. 5 None the less, the debate about equal opportunities and the possible discriminatory outcomes of the examination has continued as failed candidates and their colleagues have suggested that their lack of success might be due to racial discrimination. #### Ethnographic and sociolinguistic discourse analysis Discourse analysis is the detailed study of language in use. Unlike many traditional ways of assessing communication that use coding schemes, it examines the finegrained detail of interaction—sentence structure, intonation, taking turns, and non-verbal communication—as well as the content18 Ethnographic method involves observing and interviewing, taking the informant's perspective as far as possible in order to understand the cultural and communicative patterns which inform his or her behaviour and perceptions Sociolinguistics examines variety in language use and, in this context, studies how differences in talk and self presentation can lead to negative assessments and possibly to racial discrimination A study in 1995 showed that although the success rate among British Asians was not in question, Asian doctors trained abroad did less well than other groups. 6 They were relatively more likely to fail the written examination, which meant that they were not called for the oral examination. But even among those called for the oral examination, ethnic minority candidates trained overseas did proportionately less well. The examination board's commitment to … Correspondence to: A Esmail