The Effects of Digital Virtual Reality Game-Based Language Learning on English Language Learners’ Development of Vocabulary and Cultural Knowledge and Affective Attitudes

The current study investigated the effects of using a 3D virtual reality (VR) game on university EFL students’ development of vocabulary and cultural knowledge. In addition, it explored how this new approach affected the students’ affective attitudes such as interest, confidence, and learning motivation. Furthermore, it examined the students’ perception and attitude toward VR game-based language learning. Over one semester, an experimental group of 25 students participated in the VR game-based language learning, while a control group of 24 students followed the regular curriculum of the university EFL course. To collect data, 1) pre- and post-tests for both vocabulary and cultural knowledge, 2) a pre- and post-questionnaire for affective attitudes, 3) an online survey for students’ perceptions and attitudes, and 4) a qualitative interview were administered. The results revealed that the VR game-based language learning group outperformed the traditional learning group in both vocabulary and cultural knowledge gains. In addition, VR game instruction was effective in increasing students’ interest, confidence, and learning motivation. Furthermore, the students reported overall positive perceptions and attitudes toward this new kind of instruction. This study suggested that VR game-based language learning is a new, effective way to promote students’ vocabulary and cultural knowledge.