Challenges of water resources management in Egypt and solution opportunities

Introduction. Water resources management extracts the focus of researchers and authorities all over the world. This is due to water scarcity and increasing water needs. Egypt is one of these countries. Egypt has been suffering from water shortage for 20 years. This paper aims to clarify the main challenges facing water resources management in Egypt and possible opportunities to meet them. Find effective techniques for the conservation of water resources in Egypt. Materials and methods. Comprehensive analysis and deep understanding of previous studies and materials was applied. Results. It was found that the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, irrigation of cultivated land and high losses, high evaporation rates and low rainfall, increasing population and the lake of information are the main challenges. Conclusions. Challenges can be eliminated through the execution of specific procedures. Water resources alternatives contribute significantly to mitigating water scarcity. Land use allocation based on optimization modeling and GIS is an effective technique for integrated water resources management. This method has not been addressed in Egypt much and can be applied to various zones.