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The adoption of blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology is continuously increasing and offering solutions to various application areas. In the last few decades, much more developments in various features are seen to improve the performance, but still scalability is becoming the bottleneck for the performance enhancement. The scalability problem further leads to severe delays and high costs in a bitcoin network. Nowadays, the real-time transactions in cryptocurrencies need to be scaled up from seven transactions per second to thousands of transactions per second to handle real-life problems in the field of visa, healthcare, flights, etc. In this paper, a detailed study on the scalability issues, Proof of Work, and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant in blockchain was given. It also explored and analyzed the recent promising research areas in blockchain scalability such as net neutrality, sharding, side-chain, and off-chain scaling through blockchain distributed networks along with their effects.
Tyagi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.