Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh and the Passing of Soviet India

This essay traces the literary afterlife of Hindi writer Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh (1917–64). Like many in his generation, Muktibodh’s life and world-view were transformed by his encounter with communism during the years of World War II. Though much of his poetry remained unpublished while he was alive, Muktibodh was posthumously recognised as one of the most significant writers of the Nehruvian period and has been a cult figure in the Hindi literary world since the 1970s. By tracking the influence of Muktibodh’s elliptical poetry and prose on modern Hindi literature and cinema, this essay reconstructs the rise and fall of the late colonial vision of a possible ‘Soviet India’.