Development and validation of a supervised deep learning algorithm for automated whole‐slide programmed death‐ligand 1 tumour proportion score assessment in non‐small cell lung cancer

We designed a new, deep learning-based PD-L1 TPS algorithm that is similarly able to assess PD-L1 expression in daily routine diagnostic cases as pathologists. Successful validation on routine diagnostic WSIs and detailed visual feedback show that this algorithm meets the requirements for functioning as a 'scoring assistant'.