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This paper deals with the inverter controller utilizing Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) to control the three-phase off-grid system’s modulation index. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to improve the controller performance by automatically finding its parameters in order to reduce the error in the proportional Integral (PI) controller. The system is included with photovoltaic and battery storage to supply power to a local load of 3 kW. Control was on voltage by measuring load voltage to be feedback to the controller to evaluate the best modulation index value needed for SPWM pulse. Therefore, the inverter is based on load change to adjust the system to be stable at any time because of the proportional and integral controller (PI). The PI Controller provides better results than a system without a controller, especially when applying faults in phase. This shows how the robustness of the controller is. This model is explained in detail. All simulation results show that the modulation index controller acts so that total harmonic distortion (THD) is less after using the optimal PI controller parameters.
Abdolrasol et al. (2021) studied this question.