Consumption of raw salt (OR 4.18), inadequate fruit intake (OR 2.18), being overweight (OR 2.51), and poor medication adherence (OR 1.82) were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients.
Cross-Sectional (n=271)
No
What dietary and lifestyle factors are associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients in Uganda?
Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors, including raw salt consumption, inadequate fruit intake, overweight, and poor medication adherence, are significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in Ugandan hypertensive patients.
Effect estimate: OR 4.18 (95% CI 1.32-13.24)
p-value: p=0.015
Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge due to its high prevalence and being a risk factor for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and chronic renal diseases. Despite these risk factors, blood pressure control among hypertensive patients is still poor. The main objective was to assess dietary and lifestyle factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure control among Ugandan hypertensive patients at Kiruddu hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study involving 271 adult hypertensive patients attending the outpatient hypertensive clinic was enrolled. Data were obtained on dietary, lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking status, and level of physical activity), social demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), comorbidities, and adherence to hypertensive medication. An average of the current and previous two Blood pressure readings was recorded. Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The mean age of study participants was 57 ± 0.76 years, with female dominance (77.9%). Among the study participants, 121 (44.7%) had uncontrolled BP. Dietary factors that were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure with adjusted OR (95%CI) included consumption of raw salt: 4.18 (1.32-13.24) and inadequate fruit consumption: 2.18 (1.26-3.75) while clinical factors included being overweight: 2.51 (1.27-4.95) and poor adherence to antihypertensive medications prescribed: 1.82 (1.03-3.21). Conclusion: The proportion of hypertensive patients with uncontrolled Blood Pressure was high (44.7%). Consumption of raw salt, inadequate fruit consumption, being overweight and poor adherence to antihypertensive medication were significantly associated with uncontrolled BP. From these findings, factors that were associated with the control of blood pressure are modifiable.
Nakalega et al. (Mon,) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=271). Raw salt consumption vs. No raw salt consumption was evaluated on Uncontrolled blood pressure (OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.32-13.24, p=0.015). Consumption of raw salt (OR 4.18), inadequate fruit intake (OR 2.18), being overweight (OR 2.51), and poor medication adherence (OR 1.82) were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients.