Observation of a polarized stochastic gravitational-wave background in pulsar-timing-array experiments

We study the observation of polarized stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in pulsar-timing-array experiments. The time residual for an observed pulsar is formulated as a line-of-sight integral that incorporates the effects of the pulsar term, from which we construct the correlation function of the time residual between a pair of pulsars in terms of the overlap reduction functions (ORFs) for the SGWB intensity and polarization anisotropies. Our formulation provides a numerical scheme for computing the ORFs for high multipole moments, and the lowest-moment ORFs for the SGWB linear polarization are worked out for the first time.