Nonlocal gravity cosmology: An overview

We discuss some main aspects of theories of gravity containing nonlocal terms in view of cosmological applications. In particular, we consider various extensions of general relativity based on geometrical invariants as Formula: see text, Formula: see text and Formula: see text gravity where Formula: see text is the Ricci curvature scalar, Formula: see text is the Gauss–Bonnet topological invariant, Formula: see text the torsion scalar and the operator Formula: see text gives rise to nonlocality. After selecting their functional form by using Noether symmetries, we find out exact solutions in a cosmological background. It is possible to reduce the dynamics of selected models and to find analytic solutions for the equations of motion. As a general feature of the approach, it is possible to address the accelerated expansion of the Hubble flow at various epochs, in particular the dark energy issues, by taking into account nonlocality corrections to the gravitational Lagrangian. On the other hand, it is possible to search for gravitational nonlocal effects also at astrophysical scales. In this perspective, we search for symmetries of Formula: see text gravity also in a spherically symmetric background and constrain the free parameters, Specifically, by taking into account the S2 star orbiting around the Galactic Center SgrAFormula: see text, it is possible to study how nonlocality affects stellar orbits around such a massive self-gravitating object.