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Desert use and its management play a significant role in the conservation of land resources. The premise of developing and using deserts based on local conditions includes managing the physical characteristics of sandy desert land. We explore the various achievements of remote sensing of bare soil moisture and, specifically, employ two methods involving the remote sensing of surface physical characteristics, dynamic measurements, and Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) sensing by satellite. Some observation parameters of the Earth’s surface emissivity are summarized, which were attained through remote observations. In addition, the bright temperature inversion model on the soil temperature, moisture content, and texture, and the GNSS-R soil moisture sensor and inversion model were analyzed. The influence of horizontal polarization of the surface roughness on the results of dedicated satellite measurement of emissivity was also analyzed. Further, a sensing separation model of soil moisture particle size for GNSS-R was derived. Soil moisture is related to soil reflectivity. The soil particle size determines soil porosity, which is directly related to the evaporation rate of water and affects the surface temperature, thereby affecting soil emissivity. We determined that a level of complementarity exists between the enhancement of emissivity and attenuation of reflectivity by roughness as well as between the emissivity of dedicated satellite measurement line polarization and the reflectivity of GNSS-R measurement with circular polarization. Based on this complementarity, a method of GNSS-R and dedicated satellite collaborative measurement of soil texture using satellite data is proposed. The experimental results show that the two methods are sensitive to the soil moisture content, but the sensitivity to the mixed components of sandy soil is very poor. Both the sensitivity of GNSS-R sensing to sand particle size and sand surface temperature are better than those of dedicated satellite sensing.
Luo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.