Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Male Farmers Over the Age of 45: A Review of Literature

The prevalence of heart disease in farmers is well documented, but there is limited research characterizing the diverse risk factors associated specifically with male farmers over the age of 45 in the United States, while also providing a multifactorial strategy to address these concerns. The majority of current research either focuses on the general rural population or does not take into account different demographic variables. Hence, this review looked to address those gaps by focusing on those specific variables. A literature review was generated looking at risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in farmers using key search terms. Next, an additional search was conducted focusing on treatment plans to address these concerns. The articles were then sorted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial articles were sorted by one researcher and then reassessed on two separate occasions. The literature review was performed using these databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Ovid Medline. A total of 221 articles were generated, of which 12 articles matched the criteria. The articles highlighted important risk factors that were either social or non-social determinants of health that negatively impacted the target population. These were followed up by offering solutions that attempted to provide a holistic approach, including clinical and community-based interventions. Male farmers over the age of 45 years are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with heart disease compared to non-farmers in the same demographic. When attempting to implement interventions, stress management should be incorporated into the treatment plan. In addition, a multifaceted approach targeting clinical and community concerns is recommended.