On the Problem of the Development of Cattle Breeding and Agriculture Among the Kazakhs in the Western Kazakhstan at the Turn of the Xix-Xx Centuries

The article studies the problem of the formation of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of economy in the territory of the Kazakh region, in particular in the Western Kazakhstan. With the assistance of various sources, we studied the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Kazakhs, which was adapted to the local climate, sparse vegetation, the low rainfall and other environmental and economic factors. In this article, we have shown the objective and subjective aspects that led to the settling of nomads. The resettlement policy of Russia led to a crisis of nomadic cattle breeding and poverty among many Kazakhs, which forced them to engage in agriculture. However, as shown in the article, the Kazakhs plowed the land only for additional income. The emergence of cattle-breeding and agricultural forms of farming was complex and contradictory. The Kazakhs, who lived near Russian settlements, quickly moved to settle. And those Kazakhs who lived in the southern regions of the Turgai and Ural regions, as well as on Mangyshlak and the Inner Horde continued to engage in cattle breeding. This situation divided the region into agricultural and cattle-breeding and this went on for many years.