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In past mobile phones were used only to make calls but with the introduction of smartphone the mobile phone has evolved to a low powered hand-held processing system. This evolution was caused by the operating system for the mobile phones making them smart that have processing and storage of their own. Now the mobile provides numerous functionalities from calling to texting, multimedia sharing, emails, socializing applications, word processor, excel sheets to various multiplayer games and much more. The operating system for these hand held devices are iOS by Apple Inc., Windows by Windows Inc. and Android by Google. Among the competitors in smartphone operating system industry Android holds the largest market share in terms of units shipped worldwide and number of users. Android an open source operating system is based on linux kernel on which applications run on an application framework that controls the activities supported by the libraries and Dalvik virtual machine which compiles and converts all java class files into a single file. There can be number of virtual machines running simultaneously on a single device handling different applications or instances of an application. Android operating system provides memory management, process management to the applications and services running. Each release of android improved user experience and brought enhanced features. This paper presents a study of evolution that each release brought to the android operating system.
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