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Observer Liability: Voluntary and unjustified observation of another agent's degrading wrongdoing, or of the product of their degrading wrongdoing, can render an agent morally liable to bear costs for the sake of the victim of the primary wrong.Our project is partly motivated by how internet and mobile phone technology has made the observation of others both easy and widespread.One result of these technological developments has been an explosion of what we can (loosely, for now) call 'wrongful observation'.The term is intentionally broad, and covers at least two types of case.The first involves observing the commission of a degrading wrong.Consider, for example, the infamous Steubenville High School rape case, in which a teenage girl was repeatedly sexually assaulted at a party. 5 The assaults were not only observed by several onlookers at the time; videos and images of the attacks were also widely circulated and viewed by many others.Cases like this
Frowe et al. (Tue,) studied this question.