Recent Advances in Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Source Grid Integration: A Comprehensive Review

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening the security of electric energy have gained enormous momentum recently. Integrating intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) such as PV and wind into the existing grid has increased significantly in the last decade. However, this integration hampers the reliable and stable operation of the grid by posing many operational and control challenges. Generation uncertainty, voltage and angular stability, power quality issues, reactive power support and fault ride-through capability are some of the various challenges. The power generated from RESs fluctuates due to unpredictable weather conditions such as wind speed and sunshine. Energy storage systems (ESSs) play a vital role in mitigating the fluctuation by storing the excess generated power and then making it accessible on demand. This paper presents a review of energy storage systems covering several aspects including their main applications for grid integration, the type of storage technology and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. This comprehensive review of energy storage systems will guide power utilities; the researchers select the best and the most recent energy storage device based on their effectiveness and economic feasibility.