Reduction of the Risk of Inaccurate Prediction of Electricity Generation from PV Farms Using Machine Learning

Problems with inaccurate prediction of electricity generation from photovoltaic (PV) farms cause severe operational, technical, and financial risks, which seriously affect both their owners and grid operators. Proper prediction results are required for optimal planning the spinning reserve as well as managing inertia and frequency response in the case of contingency events. In this work, the impact of a number of meteorological parameters on PV electricity generation in Poland was analyzed using the Pearson coefficient. Furthermore, seven machine learning models using Lasso Regression, K–Nearest Neighbours Regression, Support Vector Regression, AdaBoosted Regression Tree, Gradient Boosted Regression Tree, Random Forest Regression, and Artificial Neural Network were developed to predict electricity generation from a 0.7 MW solar PV power plant in Poland. The models were evaluated using determination coefficient (R2), the mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). It was found out that horizontal global irradiation and water saturation deficit have a strong proportional relationship with the electricity generation from PV systems. All proposed machine learning models turned out to perform well in predicting electricity generation from the analyzed PV farm. Random Forest Regression was the most reliable and accurate model, as it received the highest R2 (0.94) and the lowest MAE (15.12 kWh) and RMSE (34.59 kWh).