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To conquer severe dendrites formation and side reactions of zinc metal anodes, which are serious obstacles for the practical applications of aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB), herein, we develop a sodium allysulfonate (SAS) and acrylamide (AM) copolymer by radical polymerization process (crosslinking of C=C) as solid-state electrolyte. The interface kinetics is improved remarkably due to the high adhesion and excellent ion transferability of AM-SAS (AS) copolymers. Especially the sulfonic acid group in the hydrogel electrolyte can enhance the internal ionic conductivity effectively benefiting from its high affinity to Zn 2+ . Also, polymer chains realize re-regulation to Zn 2+ flow in atomic-scale, thus leading to controllable deposition of Zn onto the dendrite-free Zn anodes. Consequently, the AS-1.5 electrolyte achieves ultra-stable Zn deposition/stripping behaviors with the lifespan over 1,000 h via the suppression of side-reactions and paralleled Zn deposition. High performances of Zn/Mn-doped V 2 O 5 (MnVO) (over 500 cycles) and Zn/diquinoxalino 2,3-a:2′,3′-c phenazine (HATN) (over 2,500 cycles) full cells demonstrate that the AS hydrogel electrolyte is a common approach for ZIBs under various conditions. This molecular regulation engineering opens a novel route for hydrogel electrolyte fabrication, where sulfonic groups perform as media of Zn 2+ transfer. Therefore, high bulk ionic conductivity as well as excellent interface ion diffusion ability is obtained.
Li et al. (Sat,) studied this question.