What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Observational. Population: Hypertension (n=328). Primary outcome: Prevalence of hypertension.

July 27, 2022Open Access

A study on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in Gandhinagar urban PHC, Jaipur

SBShubhra BardharIIHMR University AKAnoop KhannaIIHMR University NBNeha Bardhar

Key Result

The overall prevalence of hypertension was 23.2% and prehypertension was 33.2% among adults aged 30 years and older visiting an urban primary health center in Jaipur, India.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=328)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

328 adults aged 30 years or above attending the out-patient department of Gandhinagar Urban Primary Health Centre in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Outcome

Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension

Hypertension and prehypertension are highly prevalent in the urban adult population of Jaipur, with obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and family history identified as significant modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Limitations

Single-day blood pressure measurement without follow-up may have led to overestimation or underestimation
Participants selected from the outpatient department may not represent the entire population of Jaipur
Possibility of bias in self-reporting of lifestyle behaviors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity
Did not consider waist-hip ratio measurements, dietary factors, occupation, stress level, and other comorbidities

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is considered as an important public health issue around the world. It is associated with the development of more serious medical conditions like myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, stroke, renal disease, etc. According to the WHO, high blood pressure affects 1280 million adults aged 30 to 79 years worldwide and almost two-thirds of them come from low-middle-income countries. Methods: An OPD-based, observational study was conducted among individuals aged 30 years or above at Gandhinagar UPHC of Jaipur city in the state of Rajasthan. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were analysed. The details regarding gender, age, family history of individuals and other behavioural characteristics like tobacco, smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were collected. The Chi-square test was applied to analyze if a statistically significant association exist between hypertension and the above-mentioned factors.Results: This study estimated hypertension prevalence as 23.2%. The prevalence of prehypertension was estimated to be 33.2% and the prevalence of individuals with no-hypertension was 43.6%. This study also reports that obesity, consumption of alcohol, smoking and positive HTN family history were significant determinants for hypertension.Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study show that the HTN and pre-HTN prevalence was significant in the study population. In the absence of lifestyle changes, individuals referred to as prehypertensive are at high risk of developing HTN. Early detection and timely intervention will reduce the effect of high BP thus decreasing the risk of developing CVDs, stroke, and renal impairment.

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