A global review of acute coronary syndromes highlights persistent sex disparities in presentation, comorbidities, and access to care, with a notable lack of data from resource-constrained regions.
This review highlights persistent global sex disparities in acute coronary syndromes and emphasizes the need for more data from resource-constrained regions to address these gaps.
Despite increasing evidence and improvements in the care of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), sex disparities in presentation, comorbidities, access to care and invasive therapies remain, even in the most developed countries. Much of the currently available data are derived from more developed regions of the world, particularly Europe and the Americas. In contrast, in more resource-constrained settings, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and some parts of Asia, more data are needed to identify the prevalence of sex disparities in ACS, as well as factors responsible for these disparities, particularly cultural, socioeconomic, educational and psychosocial. This review summarizes the available evidence of sex differences in ACS, including risk factors, pathophysiology and biases in care from a global perspective, with a focus on each of the six different World Health Organization (WHO) regions of the world. Regional trends and disparities, gaps in evidence and solutions to mitigate these disparities are also discussed.
Cader et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Acute Coronary Syndromes. A global review of acute coronary syndromes highlights persistent sex disparities in presentation, comorbidities, and access to care, with a notable lack of data from resource-constrained regions.