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Faced with the problem of fossil energy depletion and the power industry’s low-carbon requirements, low-carbon technologies in collaboration with market mechanisms, supplemented by flexible resources, are critical to achieving the low-carbon operation of integrated energy systems (IES). This paper establishes an IES considering multiple types of low-carbon factors and demand response. Firstly, the IES is deemed to participate in the carbon trading market and introduce a ladder-type carbon trading mechanism at the low-carbon policy level. Then, at the low-carbon technology level, carbon capture power plants and power-to-gas equipment are introduced to refine the modeling of the power-to-gas process. Secondly, the integrated energy system includes pluralistic energy storage technology and demand response to increase the IES’s flexibility. Based on multiple types of low carbon factors and demand response mechanisms, the scheduling model for energy efficiency improvement is constructed with the lowest sum of the cost of wind abandonment penalty, the cost of purchasing energy, the cost of equipment operation and maintenance, and the cost of carbon trading as the optimization objective, and solved by a two-stage optimization method. Five energy efficiency indicators are presented to efficiently evaluate dispatching results: wind power consumption rate, carbon trading cost, actual carbon emissions, total cost, and load fluctuation. Finally, according to an arithmetic test system based on various operation scenarios, the proposed model may increase the IES’s comprehensive energy efficiency under the coupling effect of multiple types of low-carbon factors and demand response.
Ma et al. (Thu,) studied this question.