EdgePhase: A Deep Learning Model for Multi‐Station Seismic Phase Picking

Abstract In this study, we build a multi‐station phase‐picking model named EdgePhase by integrating an Edge Convolutional module with a state‐of‐the‐art single‐station phase‐picking model, EQTransformer. The Edge Convolutional module, a variant of Graph Neural Network, exchanges information relevant to seismic phases between neighboring stations. In EdgePhase, seismograms are first encoded into the latent representations, then converted into enhanced representations by the Edge Convolutional module, and finally decoded into the P‐ and S‐phase probabilities. Compared to the standard EQTransformer, EdgePhase increases the precision (fraction of phase identifications that are real) and recall (fraction of phase arrivals that are identified) rate by 5% on our training and test data sets of Southern California earthquakes. To evaluate its performance in regions of different tectonic settings, we applied EdgePhase to detect the early aftershocks following the 2020 M7.0 Samos, Greece earthquake. Compared to a local earthquake catalog, EdgePhase produced 190% additional detections with an event distribution more conformative to a planar fault interface, suggesting higher fidelity in event locations. This case study indicates that EdgePhase provides a strong regional generalization capability in real‐world applications.