Hypertension and elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (P<0.001).
Cross-Sectional (n=21,634)
Yes
Is elevated blood pressure or hypertension associated with a higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and elevated blood pressure or hypertension have a significantly higher burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity, highlighting the need for early detection and intervention.
p-value: p=< 0.001
AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), including dyslipidaemia, obesity and high glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to evaluate their association with blood pressure (BP) categories. METHODS: We analysed 21 634 children and adolescents with T1D from the SWEET international database with office BP values assessed at a three or more visits within a year from 2010 to 2021. Participants were classified into a normotensive group, a group with elevated BP (90 to 94th percentile) or a hypertensive group (≥95th percentile), based on the median BP for the visits within the last treatment year. The prevalences of dyslipidaemia cholesterol ≥ 5.18 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) and/or HDL cholesterol ≤ 1.036 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) and/or LDL cholesterol ≥ 2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), obesity (body mass index ≥2 standard deviation score) and elevated HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9%) were evaluated in patients within each BP group. RESULTS: Patients with hypertension/elevated BP had less favourable lipid profiles, and a higher prevalence of obesity and HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol than normotensive patients. A total of 38.4% of hypertensive patients and 36.0% of those with elevated BP had one CVRF, 15.1% and 10.1%, respectively, had two CVRFs, and 2.3% and 0.8%, respectively, had three CVRFs. Patients with hypertension/elevated BP had a higher prevalence of one or more CVRFs versus normotensive patients (P < 0.001). Obesity was the CVRF most strongly related to hypertension. Girls had a higher prevalence of one or more CVRFs than boys. Similar results were found in patients aged ≥13 years with hypertension compared to those aged <13 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of modifiable CVRFs is higher in children and adolescents with T1D who have elevated BP/hypertension than in those with normotension, suggesting that they are more vulnerable to future morbidity and mortality requiring early detection and intervention.
Vazeou et al. (Thu,) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 1 diabetes (n=21,634). Hypertension or elevated blood pressure vs. Normotension was evaluated on Prevalence of one or more cardiovascular risk factors (p=< 0.001). Hypertension and elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (P<0.001).