Acute heart failure patients with supranormal LVEF represent a small subset (2.5%) with distinct characteristics including female predominance, lower natriuretic peptides, and higher non-cardiovascular mortality.
In this study, only 2.5% of patients were classified as HFsnEF. HFsnEF was primarily characterized by female sex, lower natriuretic peptides and a higher risk of non-CV death.
Essen et al. (Sat,) studied this question.