Molecular Events of Rice AP2/ERF Transcription Factors

APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) is widely found in the plant kingdom and plays crucial roles in transcriptional regulation and defense response of plant growth and development. Based on the research progress related to AP2/ERF genes, this paper focuses on the classification and structural features of AP2/ERF transcription factors, reviews the roles of rice AP2/ERF genes in the regulation of growth, development and stress responses, and discusses rice breeding potential and challenges. Taken together; studies of rice AP2/ERF genes may help to elucidate and enrich the multiple molecular mechanisms of how AP2/ERF genes regulate spikelet determinacy and floral organ development, flowering time, grain size and quality, embryogenesis, root development, hormone balance, nutrient use efficiency, and biotic and abiotic response processes. This will contribute to breeding excellent rice varieties with high yield and high resistance in a green, organic manner.