Serial troponin-T and long-term outcomes in suspected acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND: Long-term prognostic implications of serial high-sensitivity troponin concentrations in subjects with suspected acute coronary syndrome are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals with a first diagnosis of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, observation for suspected myocardial infarction, or chest pain from 2012 through 2019 who underwent two high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT) measurements 1-7 h apart were identified through Danish national registries. Absolute and relative risks for death at days 0-30 and 31-365, stratified for whether subjects had normal or elevated hsTnT concentrations, and whether these concentrations changed by 20 to 50%, or >50% in either direction from first to second measurement, were calculated through multivariable logistic regression with average treatment effect modeling. Of the 28 902 individuals included, 2.8% had died at 30 days, whereas 4.9% of those who had survived the first 30 days died between days 31-365. The standardized risk of death was highest among subjects with two elevated hsTnT concentrations (0-30 days: 4.3%, 31-365 days: 7.2%). In this group, mortality was significantly higher in those with a > 20 to 50% or >50% rise from first to second measurement, though only at 30 days. The risk of death was very low in subjects with two normal hsTnT concentrations (0-30 days: 0.1%, 31-365 days: 0.9%) and did not depend on relative or absolute changes between measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with suspected acute coronary syndrome and two consecutively elevated hsTnT concentrations consistently had the highest risk of death. Mortality was very low in subjects with two normal hsTnT concentrations, irrespective of changes between measurements.