Building Security Awareness of Interdependent Services, Business Processes, and Systems in Cyberspace

Protection against a growing number of increasingly sophisticated and complex cyberattacks requires the real-time acquisition of up-to-date information on identified threats and their potential impact on an enterprise’s operation. However, the complexity and variety of IT/OT infrastructure interdependencies and the business processes and services it supports significantly complicate this task. Hence, we propose a novel solution here that provides security awareness of critical infrastructure entities. Appropriate measures and methods for comprehensively managing cyberspace security and resilience in an enterprise are provided, and these take into account the aspects of confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the essential services offered across the underlying business processes and IT infrastructure. The abstraction of these entities as business objects is proposed to uniformly address them and their interdependencies. In this paper, the concept of modeling the cyberspace of interdependent services, business processes, and systems and the procedures for assessing and predicting their attributes and dynamic states are depicted. The enterprise can build a model of its operation with the proposed formalism, which takes it to the first level of security awareness. Through dedicated simulation procedures, the enterprise can anticipate the evolution of actual or hypothetical threats and related risks, which is the second level of awareness. Finally, simulation-driven analyses can serve in guiding operations toward improvement with respect to resilience and threat protection, bringing the enterprise to the third level of awareness. The solution is also applied in the case study of an essential service provider.