Fault Diagnosis Algorithm of Transformer and Circuit Breaker in Traction Power Supply System Based on IoT

Transformers and circuit breakers are essential equipment in traction power supply systems. Once a fault occurs, it will affect the train’s regular operation and even threaten passengers’ personal safety. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose the faults of the transformers and circuit breakers of the traction power supply system. At present, power companies have made many achievements in fault diagnosis of power equipment, but there are still problems with real-time and accuracy. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that connects different types of terminal devices for information exchange and communication to achieve intelligence. It includes data acquisition and transmission, information interaction, processing, and decision-making from bottom to top. It uses sensor terminals to obtain real-time status information on electrical equipment. Moreover, it conducts real-time monitoring and intelligent processing of the equipment status of the traction power supply system. In this paper, the multi-data fusion technology of the IoT combines the real-time information of electrical equipment with fault diagnosis to realize the fault diagnosis of transformers and circuit breakers. First, we built an equipment fault diagnosis system based on the multi-terminal data fusion technology of the IoT. Secondly, the transformer fault diagnosis model is established. We adopt the BP neural network algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to realize transformer fault diagnosis and use PSO to optimize the feature subset to improve the diagnosis performance. Finally, the fault diagnosis model of the vacuum circuit breaker is established. We select the current change and time node as typical fault feature quantities and use the PSO–BP neural network algorithm to realize the fault diagnosis of the circuit breaker.