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In this work, for the first time, a 5G/mm-Wave harmonic frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with dual Rotman lens-based harmonic millimeter identification (mmID) ranging system is proposed enabling ultralong range highly accurate localization for future localized sensing cyberphysical systems (CPSs). A detailed characterization of the fully-passive harmonic mmID is first presented with an estimated maximum harmonic radar cross section (RCS) of −35.8 dBsm and a 10 dB beamwidth of ±50°. The mmID fully overcomes the high-gain beamwidth tradeoff seen in typical high-gain designs enabling robust, ultralong-range detectability. A link budget analysis of the proposed harmonic mmID is presented with the current proof-of-concept (PoC) harmonic radar and with an equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 75 dBm reading ranges in excess of 8 km are envisioned. In addition, the system provides a highly accurate ranging at long range with a bounded maximum ranging error of 17 cm up to 46 m from the radar. Furthermore, the 5G/mm-Wave system capitalizes on the highly sensitive phase information for ultrafine 0.4 mm accurate ranging at 10 m. Thus, the proposed system presents a fully-passive, long-range ranging system for future CPSs.
Lynch et al. (Sun,) studied this question.