Development of Infant Sitting Postural Control in Three Groups of Infants at Various Risk Levels for Autism Spectrum Disorder

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of sitting postural control among two groups of infants at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a group of infants at typical risk for ASD and its association with cognitive, language and communication skills at a later age. We visited infants in their home environment from the onset of sitting until sitting independence and at 12 and 18 months of age. We collected data on sitting posture (center of pressure), through a portable force platform, as well as communication, cognitive and social behavior assessments at various time points. Our results showed that postural control differences at the onset of sitting, were present among the groups of infants but there were no statistically significant differences among the groups in the development of sitting posture. In addition, there were statistically significant communication differences among the groups and mostly the change in sample entropy in the anterior/posterior direction (posture measure) was significantly correlated with other skills at a later age. This study highlights the importance of investigating multiple at-risk groups to identify unique developmental pathways that may lead to an ASD diagnosis.