Fine Classification Method for Massive Microseismic Signals Based on Short-Time Fourier Transform and Deep Learning

Numerous microseismic signals are produced by rock mass fracture during earthquakes, geological disasters, or underground excavations. Moreover, a large amount of noise signals are captured during microseismic signal monitoring. Specifically, some noise signals closely resemble microseismic signals, which severely impedes the rapid and accurate detection of the latter and the assessment of geological hazards. Therefore, we propose a precise model for identifying and classifying microseismic signals based on deep learning technology and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) technology. First, the STFT time–frequency analysis reveals the unique characteristics of noise, microseismic, and blasting signals, thereby allowing noise signals that are very similar to microseismic signals in the time domain to be finely distinguished. Second, the introduced attention mechanism focuses the classification on essential signal features. Finally, because tens of thousands of actual monitoring data points are considered, the deep neural network for microseismic classification is trained and tested under complex geological engineering conditions. The results demonstrate that the neural network model has good time–frequency feature extraction ability, and the well-trained model can satisfactorily complete daily classifications. Moreover, the model performs well when classifying similar noise and low-SNR microseismic signals. We believe that this type of signal-processing method, which considers multiple perspectives, can be extended to data processing in many other data-driven fields.