Cardiovascular magnetic resonance serves as the non-invasive imaging gold standard for characterizing myocardial tissue and detecting changes resulting from myocardial inflammation.
This review summarizes current and emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for the non-invasive detection and characterization of myocardial inflammation.
Myocardial inflammation occurs following activation of the cardiac immune system, producing characteristic changes in the myocardial tissue. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is the non-invasive imaging gold standard for myocardial tissue characterization, and is able to detect image signal changes that may occur resulting from inflammation, including edema, hyperemia, capillary leak, necrosis, and fibrosis. Conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the detection of myocardial inflammation and its sequela include T2-weighted imaging, parametric T1- and T2-mapping, and gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced imaging. Emerging techniques seek to image several parameters simultaneously for myocardial tissue characterization, and to depict subtle immune-mediated changes, such as immune cell activity in the myocardium and cardiac cell metabolism. This review article outlines the underlying principles of current and emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance methods for imaging myocardial inflammation.
Thomas et al. (Sun,) conducted a review in Myocardial inflammation. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was evaluated. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance serves as the non-invasive imaging gold standard for characterizing myocardial tissue and detecting changes resulting from myocardial inflammation.