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The standard Cosmological model (LCDM) assumes that the expanding spacetime around us is infinite, which is inconsistent with the observed cosmic acceleration unless we include Dark Energy (DE) or a Cosmological Constant (). But the observed cosmic expansion can also be explained with a finite mass M, inside a uniform expanding sphere, with empty space outside. An object with mass M has a gravitation radius rS=2GM. When M is all contained within rS, this is a Black Hole (BH). Nothing can escape from rS, which becomes a boundary for the inside dynamics. In the limit where there is nothing outside, the inside corresponds to a local isolated Universe. The rS boundary condition corresponds to an effective force which is mathematically equivalent to =3/rS². We can therefore interpret cosmic acceleration as a measurement of the gravitational boundary of our Universe, with a mass M = c²2G3/ 6 10^22 M_. Such BH Universe (BHU) is observationally very similar to the LCDM, except for the very large scale perturbations, which are bounded by rS.
E. Gaztañaga (Wed,) studied this question.