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The James Webb Space Telescope has detected surprisingly luminous early galaxies that indicate a tension with the cold dark matter. Motivated by scenarios including axion miniclusters or primordial black holes, we consider power-law modifications of the matter power spectrum. We show that the tension could be resolved if dark matter consists of 210^-18 eV axions or if a fraction f₁₇>0. 005 of dark matter is composed of compact heavy 410^6M_ (f₁₇/0. 005) ^-1 structures such as primordial black hole clusters. However, in both cases, the star formation efficiency needs to be significantly enhanced.
Hütsi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.