Peripheral optical anisotropy in refractive error groups

Blur in the peripheral retina is dominated by the so-called "odd-error" blur signals, primarily due to oblique astigmatism. The orientation of peripheral blur (horizontal or vertical) provides the eye with an optical cue for the sign of defocus. All subject groups had anisotropic blur in the nasal visual field; myopes exhibited vertically elongated blur, perpendicular to the blur orientation of emmetropes and hyperopes.