Software-Defined Electric Vehicle (EV)-to-EV Charging Framework With Mobile Aggregator

Even though electric vehicle (EV)-to-EV charging has the potential to overcome the inconvenience due to a shortage of electric charging stations, its distributed and dynamic nature makes it difficult to match charging EV (C-EV) and discharging EV (D-EV). In this article, we propose a software-defined EV-to-EV charging framework (SD-E2EC) with mobile aggregators, in which, on the basis of the collected information in a global view, the charging controller determines the charging location, monetary cost for C-EV, and monetary reward for D-EV. To maximize the revenue of the operator of SD-E2EC, we formulate a joint optimization problem of determining the appropriate charging location, monetary cost, and reward. As a practical solution to the problem, we propose a highly acceptable pair decision (HAPD) algorithm. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that HAPD can achieve up to 129% revenue (compared to the conventional method using fixed aggregators) while maintaining the waiting time below a certain level.