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Sub-national governments play an essential role in transforming existing governance to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with SDG 11 intrinsically linked to SDG localisation. The Indian government is reforming its existing institutional mechanisms, and a research gap exists in assessing these reforms and sub-national responses to changes at the national level. Drawing from a transition management approach, this study focuses on the localisation of SDG 11 in India through a systematic evaluation of the national-level changes, which are then used as a reference to examine sub-national responses. Our findings indicate that the governance transformation for SDG 11 localisation in India is optimistic but has yet to generate deep transformational reforms given its developing stages. First, the Indian governance system attempts to make cooperative and competitive federalism work complementary to SDG localisation. Second, the political impact of the SDGs on sub-national governance has remained primarily discursive. Third, there is an advantage to exerting the overlaps between SDG 11 and existing government schemes to discern governance adaptiveness and reflexiveness in monitoring and evaluation systems. Four, there are limitations to the usage of the SDG India Index and risks of over-reliance on scheme-based monitoring and evaluation frameworks. In analysing different governance changes around India's SDG localisation across its cyclical process (strategic, tactical, operational, reflexive), this study provides a nuanced understanding of the transition of the governance system in India towards a governance model for achieving the SDGs.
Kandpal et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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