Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A variable ratio compression ignition engine is tested experimentally for different fuel type (diesel, e-diesel and nano fuel), load (4 kg, 8 kg and 12 kg), and compression ratios (14, 16, and 18) to determine its performance (energy and exergy efficiency), emission (NOx emission), and economic characteristics (% relative cost). Multiple response optimisation is carried out using response surface methodology for maximum performance, minimum emissions and cost. 5.2 kg load, 18 CR, and nano fuel are determined as the optimal input parameters for attaining maximum energy and exergy efficiency of 24.8% and 62.9%, minimum NOx emission and % cost variation of 208.4 ppm, and -6.5 respectively.
Mishra et al. (Sun,) studied this question.