Iterative Random Training Sampling Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Convolution neural network (CNN) has received considerable interest in hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) lately due to its excellent spectral-spatial feature extraction capability. To improve CNN, many approaches have been directed to exploring the infrastructure of its network by introducing different paradigms. This paper takes a rather different approach by developing an iterative CNN which extends a CNN by including a feedback system to repeatedly process the same CNN in an iterative manner. Its idea is to take advantage of a recently developed iterative training sampling spectral-spatial classification (IRTS-SSC) that allows CNN to update its spatial information of classification maps through a feedback spatial filtering system via IRTS. The resulting CNN is called iterative random training sampling CNN (IRTS-CNN) with several unique features. First, IRTS-CNN combines CNN and IRTS-SSC into one paradigm, an architecture which has never investigated in the past. Second, it implements a series of spatial filters to capture spatial information of classified data samples and further feeds this information back via an iterative process to expand the current input data cube for the next iteration. Third, it utilizes the expanded data cube to randomly re-select training samples and then to re-implement CNN iteratively. Last but not least, IRTS-CNN provides a general framework which can implement any arbitrary CNN as an initial classifier to improve its performance through an iterative process. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate that IRTS-CNN indeed significantly improves CNN, specifically, when only a small size of limited training samples is used.