Psychophysiological factors of effective development of piano technique of future music teachers

The results of successful training of students of music and pedagogy at piano lessons depend on their technical level, and possession of an entire range of skills for the implementation of performance tasks. However, effective development is hindered by psychophysiological factors, namely excessive hand clenching, the inability to rationally use the necessary muscle groups and to distribute the load on the body in a balanced manner. The purpose of the study is to analyse the process of development of performance skills through the understanding of psychophysiological characteristics. The methodological basis was established by the works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars, pianists and teachers. A set of methods was used to solve the tasks: analysis, systematisation, classification, and generalisation of pedagogical experience. Descriptive and didactic methods were used to outline technical performance problems and ways to solve them; the method of pedagogical observation was used to test and confirm the effectiveness of the chosen methodology. The research emphasises the key points of correction of body posture, which help to eliminate excessive stiffness of movements, and overstrain of weaker muscle groups and have a positive impact on the development of performing freedom. First and foremost, it’s about sitting properly at the tool, developing a sense of the weight of the hand at rest and during lifting. The research offers tested exercises that ensure the fixation of optimal muscle sensations in the shoulder girdle area, especially in the area of the scapula and shoulder joint, during various arm movements. Another common problem is insufficient attention to the functioning of the finger extensor muscles, which impedes the development of their dexterity and independence and causes wrist stiffness. The significance of educating students to consciously master primary motor skills based on specific muscle sensations is substantiated. The results of the study prove that a certain algorithm of actions in the setting of the game apparatus and the correction of deficiencies can ensure the stability of performing freedom, self-control and self-regulation of motor actions.