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This article analyzes aircraft noise measurements from the Airbus A321neo at 7.5 and 5 nautical miles from the runway threshold. Using correlation, analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression analysis, we assessed the influence of flight data recorder variables and meteorological parameters on the measured sound level variations. A combination of aircraft speed and configuration of the high lift devices can predict approximately 60% of the sound level variations. Sound level dependence on speed ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 dB/10 kn for different configurations and landing gear deployment had a +3 dB impact on sound levels. At the same time, weather and wind conditions accounted for a relatively small proportion of the variation. Overall, this study sheds light on the factors contributing to aircraft noise during the final approach and provides insights into potential noise reduction strategies.
Johansson et al. (Thu,) studied this question.