Ventilator Training through International Telesimulation in Sierra Leone

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in an increased need for medical professionals with expertise in managing patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, overwhelming the existing critical care workforce in many low-resource countries. Objective To address this need in Sierra Leone, we developed, piloted, and evaluated a synchronous simulation-based tele-education workshop for healthcare providers on the fundamental principles of intensive care unit (ICU) management of the COVID-19 patient in a low-resource setting. Methods Thirteen 2-day virtual workshops were implemented between April and July 2020 with frontline Sierra Leone physicians and nurses for potential ICU patients in hospitals throughout Sierra Leone. Although all training sessions took place at the 34 Military Hospital (a national COVID-19 center) in Freetown, participants were drawn from hospitals in each of the provinces of Sierra Leone. The workshops included synchronous tele-education–directed medical simulation didactic sessions about COVID-19, hypoxemia management, and hands-on simulation training about mechanical ventilation. Measures included pre and postworkshop knowledge tests, simulation checklists, and a posttest survey. Test results were analyzed with a paired sample t test; Likert-scale survey responses were reported using descriptive statistics; and open-ended responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Seventy-five participants enrolled in the program. On average, participants showed 20.8% improvement (a score difference of 4.00 out of a maximum total score of 20) in scores between pre and postworkshop knowledge tests (P = 0.004). Participants reported satisfaction with training (96%; n = 73), achieved 100% of simulation checklist objectives, and increased confidence with ventilator skills (96%; n = 73). Themes from the participants’ feedback included increased readiness to train colleagues on critical care ventilators at their hospitals, the need for longer and more frequent training, and a need to have access to critical care ventilators at their hospitals. Conclusion This synchronous tele-education–directed medical simulation workshop implemented through partnerships between U.S. physicians and Sierra Leone healthcare providers was a feasible, acceptable, and effective means of providing training about COVID-19, hypoxemia management, and mechanical ventilation. Future ICU ventilator training opportunities may consider increasing the length of training beyond 2 days to allow more time for the hands-on simulation scenarios using the ICU ventilator and assessing knowledge application in long-term follow-up.