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This paper provides a stochastic framework for the energy management of multi-area hybrid microgrids to identify the optimal daily power dispatch in the islanded mode of operation. The primary goal of this framework is to minimize operational costs and power outages for customers by effectively managing the power resources of the hybrid microgrid. These resources include renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. To obtain accurate results, the costs related to active and reactive powers of diesel generator units are considered in this study. In addition, the uncertainties in the, power generated from renewable energy sources, electric vehicles charging and microgrid demand are modeled using the Monte Carlo Simulation as a scenario generation technique. The number of generated scenarios is reduced using the Fast Forward Scenario reduction technique. The proposed problem is formulated as a constrained mixed-integer nonlinear programming optimization problem and is solved using the Transient Search Optimization algorithm. The obtained solution is compared against other meta-heuristic optimization techniques to ensure the reliability of the results. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, several case studies are simulated on an islanded hybrid microgrid. The simulation results show the improvement in the economic performance and the reliability of the hybrid MG. The results also indicate the impact of increasing penetration levels of renewable energy resources on the operation cost and power exchange between AC and DC areas.
Ibrahim et al. (Sun,) studied this question.