Cyber security: State of the art, challenges and future directions

Cyber security has become a very critical concern that needs the attention of researchers, academicians, and organizations to confidentially ensure the protection and security of information systems. Due to the increasing demand for digitalization, every individual and organization faces continually shifting cyber threats. This article provides an overview of the state of the art in cyber security, challenges, and tactics, current conditions, and global trends of cyber security. To stay ahead of the curve in cyber security, we conducted a systematic review to uncover the latest trends, challenges, and state-of-the-art in cyber security. Moreover, we address the future direction of cyber security, presenting the possible strategies and approaches to addressing the increasing cyber security threat landscapes, the emerging trends, and innovations like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to detect and automate cyber threat responses. Additionally, this article underlines the importance of ongoing adoption along with collaboration among stakeholders in the cyber ecosystem.