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INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukemia is a challenging disease, due to a poor prognosis in developing countries. Herein, we aim to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes after chemotherapy and transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analytic observational study was performed with patients under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia treated at a referral center in Colombia. Two groups were compared: induction therapy (IT) and induction therapy plus consolidation (IT + C). The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We analyzed 34 patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia; 20 received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most were French-American-British (FAB) classification types M1, M5 and M0. The transplantation was haploidentical in 65%, conditioning was myeloablative in 67% and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis was performed with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in 70%. Overall, the 5-year survival was 52% and the overall 5-year survival in the transplanted group was 80%. There were 16 deaths; in the IT group, n = 12, and in the IT + C group, n = 4. In the former, the main cause of death was septic shock and in the latter, it was relapse. CONCLUSION: Transplantation is a safe option. Receiving treatment and supportive measures in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation units is necessary to avoid infections, especially during induction cycles.
Franco et al. (Wed,) studied this question.