Technological progress in the function of productivity and sustainability of agriculture: The case of innovative countries and the Republic of Serbia

Bearing in mind the predictions of global population growth and the reduction of agricultural areas, followed by the depletion of non-renewable resources and environmental pollution, which leads to climate changes, it is necessary to implement sustainable solutions in the shortest possible time in agriculture, as one of the leading polluters. It is necessary to resolve the contradiction between increasing yields and preserving the environment. In this sense, modern technological solutions in agriculture should be applied, which will lead to an increase in productivity, i.e. creating a higher yield on the same or smaller areas. This can be achieved by optimizing the use of inputs in agriculture by introducing different solutions within precision agriculture. AI is one solution that needs to be developed and that leads to sustainable development. Adequate education, digital literacy and appropriate infrastructure are also required for its application. The goal of the research is to indicate the direction in which technological progress in agriculture should go and how the current technologies applied in agriculture reflect on the economic and sustainable development. With OLS panel regression concluded that only agricultural technologies that lead to increase productivity in agriculture have a positive impact on economic and sustainable development.