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Quasars (quasi-stellar star-like radio sources) represent the critical criteria for choice between two opposite and widely different ontological and epistemological narrative of the universe. The first one, which is mainly based on mathematical idealism, views the universe as deterministic and an essentially unidirectional condensation of diffuse matter created through a single primordial explosion (The Big Bang) about 13.8 billion years ago. The second view, based on (limited) observational and empirical evidence asserts a rather intrinsic and dialectical evolution (appearance/disappearance) of matter and motion in this infinite, eternal and ever-changing universe; where new cosmic bodies are formed from ejected and/or dissipated newly created material; from the core of the existing cosmic bodies.; mediated by chance and necessity. Evidence and resource materials provided in this article clearly favours the dialectical narrative of the universe.
Abdul Malek (Fri,) studied this question.