Enhancing Cyber-Physical Threat Assessment in Power Distribution Networks

The existing literature on cyber-physical threat investigations predominantly concentrates on the high voltage (HV) level, disregarding the higher probability of cyber-attacks and threats targeting low voltage (LV) networks. In the context of smart grids, where millions of interconnected electronic devices span from power generation units to customer interface units through communication networks, the reliability of electrical infrastructure and information security face immediate challenges. This research aims to fill this gap by tracing the impact of various cyber-physical threat scenarios on a realistic LV power distribution network, utilizing simulations conducted with ETAP. Furthermore, this work will present a comprehensive risk assessment of the consequences of cyber-attacks on LV networks, encompassing distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The inclusion of DERs and smart components introduces security vulnerabilities through their remote control and communication capabilities. Although the impact of cyber-attacks on LV networks, typically leading to localized power outages, has received limited investigation, the potential for national consequences remains largely unexplored, especially when a cyber-attack targets a microgrid system. The findings will contribute to the improvement of smart grid systems, and response mechanisms against ongoing attacks.