South Asian Americans (n=1,164) had higher type 2 diabetes prevalence, more insulin resistance, and adverse body composition compared with four other U.S. racial and ethnic groups.
South Asian Americans exhibit a severe hyperglycemia subtype of diabetes characterized by β-cell dysfunction and adverse body composition, driving higher cardiometabolic risk.
South Asian populations have a higher prevalence and earlier age of onset of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases than other race and ethnic groups. To better understand the pathophysiology and multilevel risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we established the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study in 2010. The original MASALA study cohort (n = 1,164) included 83% Asian Indian immigrants, with an ongoing expansion of the study to include individuals of Bangladeshi and Pakistani origin. We have found that South Asian Americans in the MASALA study had higher type 2 diabetes prevalence, lower insulin secretion, more insulin resistance, and an adverse body composition with higher liver and intermuscular fat and lower lean muscle mass compared with four other U.S. race and ethnic groups. MASALA study participants with diabetes were more likely to have the severe hyperglycemia subtype, characterized by β-cell dysfunction and lower body weight, and this subtype was associated with a higher incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. We have found several modifiable factors for cardiometabolic disease among South Asians including diet and physical activity that can be influenced using specific social network members and with cultural adaptations to the U.S. context. Longitudinal data with repeat cardiometabolic measures that are supplemented with qualitative and mixed-method approaches enable a deeper understanding of disease risk and resilience factors. Studying and contrasting Asian American subgroups can uncover the causes for cardiometabolic disease heterogeneity and reveal novel methods for prevention and treatment.
Alka M. Kanaya (Wed,) conducted a review in Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (n=1,164). South Asian race/ethnicity vs. Four other U.S. race and ethnic groups was evaluated on Type 2 diabetes prevalence, insulin resistance, and body composition. South Asian Americans (n=1,164) had higher type 2 diabetes prevalence, more insulin resistance, and adverse body composition compared with four other U.S. racial and ethnic groups.